Insufficient protein intake is one of the most common and most preventable causes of impaired fracture healing
Multiple cellular processes are considered to contribute to this functional decline and these are collectively referred to as the hallmarks of aging and these include processes like genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, disabled macroautophagy, deregulated nutrient-sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis 1
It should be mixed gently, protected from strong light, kept away from freezing conditions, and not shaken aggressively
Another subtle mistake is relaxing the muscle incorrectly: for an intramuscular injection, you want the target muscle loose, not flexed, because a tense muscle resists the needle and amplifies pain